Knowledge is power in the race to meet growing data center demand. As the digital economy expands — driven by AI, machine learning, and massive cloud-based infrastructures — developers are racing to build and scale data centers at an unprecedented pace. But in this race, overlooking air quality and environmental regulations can result in costly setbacks.

The data center landscape is evolving quickly — and so is the regulatory environment. Air quality and pollution concerns are no longer optional considerations — they are core to project viability.

The Institute of Clean Air Companies (ICAC) brings together leaders in emissions control and measurement technology, including top EPC firms, to provide developers with the expertise they need to avoid expensive pitfalls in permitting and compliance.

Developers today face a convergence of regulatory and environmental complexity that spans far beyond just emissions:

• Highly localized air permitting requirements
• Exposure to criteria pollutants and air toxics
• Water usage and discharge regulations
• Noise pollution concerns
• Integration of renewable energy and energy efficiency goals

Crucially, these factors must be considered at the earliest stages of planning and design — not as an afterthought once construction has started.

Data centers typically rely on various energy and backup systems that contribute to emissions and pollution:

• Backup generators (often diesel): High emitters of NOx, particulate matter, and air toxics
• Gas turbines for behind-the-meter power: Subject to stringent permitting, especially in non-attainment areas
• Cooling towers and HVAC systems: Impact both air and water quality
• Battery storage systems: Growing in use, but with emerging regulatory frameworks

Each component has its own emissions profile — and its own permitting implications.